PART I	ETHICAL CANONS CONCERNING WAR
	Chapter  1	About Ethical Canons and War
	Chapter  2	Decisions Precipitating War
	Chapter  3	Human Sacrifice
	Chapter  4	Amiriyah Shelter
	PART II	ETHICAL CANONS CONCERNING EQUALITY
	Chapter  5	Slavery
	Chapter  6	Arens' Atrocity Attribution Theory
	Chapter  7	Genocide of Native Americans
	Chapter  8	Intermarriage
	PART III	ETHICAL CANONS CONCERNING JUSTICE
	Chapter  9	Incarceration
	Chapter 10	Reemergence of Torture
	Chapter 11	Witchcraft Trials
	Chapter 12	Trials of Heretics
	PART IV	ETHICAL CANONS CONCERNING RELIGION
	Chapter 13	The New and Old Testaments
	Chapter 14	Transplanted Mentality
	Chapter 15	God and His Messengers
	PART V	ETHICAL CANONS CONCERNING EMPATHY
	Chapter 16	Karla Tucker and George W. Bush
	Chapter 17	A Girl with the Almond Eyes
	Chapter 18	Beyond Partiality: Building a World of Laughter and Love

Islam

 
Islam is the third major branch of the monotheistic group of religions. The Arabic word al-Islam means the act of total commitment of oneself to God. In the Qur'an (37:102-105), this total obedience to God is exemplified by the story of Abraham who was willing to sacrifice his son when ordered by God. Islam is defined in the Qur'an as ‘the religion of Abraham.’ Islamic catechism consists of six major topics: God, Angels, Judgment, Scriptures, Messengers, and Predestination. These topics are further classified into three categories. The first category describes God, his Angels, and God’s judgment at the Last Day. The second category describes the Scriptures and its Messengers. The third category of Islam is that of Predestination.
 

God is omnipotent and demands total commitment. God exercises his power mainly through his angels who are under his direct control. Angels are divided into Guardian Angels, Recording Angels, Angels of Death and Angels Interrogators. Guardian Angels help the believers. Recording Angels write down deeds of every person for which he or she will have to account on the Last Day. Angels of Death are occupied by terminating human life. Angels Interrogators question persons, terminated by Angels of Death, in their tombs. At the Last Day, in front of God, every person will have to account for his or her deeds, recorded by the Recording Angels and verified by the Angels Interrogators. It is said that God will be seated on his throne and all humankind will have to appear in front of him. After hearing his or her case, God, will command the person to move either in the direction of Heaven or to follow the path leading to Hell

The Predestination category of Islam helps us to understand the differences between the two main Islamic factions: Sunnites and Shiites. Most Arabs are Sunni Muslims. The major Shiite countries are Iran and Iraq. President Saddam Hussein's government was a minority Sunni rule in predominantly Shiite country. With respect to predestination, the schism within Islam is not dissimilar to that of Catholics and Protestants. In this respect, Catholics resemble Sunnites and Protestants resemble Shiites; e.g., with respect to clitoridectomy and circumcision, Sunni tend to believe that circumcision is obligatory only for men, meanwhile Shiites tend to believe that circumcision is obligatory for men and clitoridectomy is obligatory for women. With respect to this controversy, Falliers (1970), writes in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for the genitally mutilated person
 

 Shiite Muslim states did not encapsulated Judaism as Protestants did, perhaps because of a historic happenstance surrounding the death of the founder of Islam, Muhammad.

Muhammad's father died before he was born and his mother died when he was six years old. Some Islamic traditions assert that Muhammad was born circumcised and that two angels came to Muhammad and cut his chest and washed his heart with water from the well of Zamzam. Muhammad died at the age of 63, after being poisoned by a Jewish woman who put a poison into the goat meat that she served to Muhammad at her house in Khaibar. As recorder by Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad's last words were 'Allah's damnation be on the Jews and the Christians.'

Converts to Islam include Cat Stevens (Peace Train, Morning Has Broken), Michael Jackson, Malcolm X, and Roger Garaudy (De Dieu est mort, 1962 ; Reconquête de l'espoir, 1971; Pour l'avènement de la femme, 1981; Les Mythes fondateurs de la politique israélienne, 1996). There used to be Internet sites JewstoIslam.com (‘when I opened the Qur'an for the first time I could not put it down. It is what I always believed Judaism was supposed to be') and JewsforAllah.org, but after September 11, 2001 they disappeared.
 
Romans used to say nomen est omen, your name is your destiny. As monotheistic religions claim that allegiance to God is more important than allegiance to ancestors, religious conversion is often accompanied by the change of the name. Thus Cat Stevens is now Yusuf Islam. Orthodox Catholics insist that child's middle name must be the name of a New Testament Saint (Mary, John, Mathew, Teresa, etc), Protestant's tradition is to select the child's first name from the Old Testament (Ester, Benjamin, Samuel, Judith). Modern Israeli names are such as Aviv (spring), Noam (pleasant), Gal (wave), Gil (joy), Shai (gift), Shir (song).

Notes

An Iranian girl, 19, sentenced to death for prostitution.